Wameedh Majeed Al-Mafrajee, Hussien I. Almtarfi and Ahmed Shaker AL-Duhami
Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, Wasit University, Iraq
Al-Mafrajee, W. M., Almtarfi, H. I. & AL-Duhami, A. Sh. (2025). Spraying with organic fertilizer Appetizer and phosphate fertilization, and their effect on some growth characteristics and yield of cumin Cuminum cyminum L., and the accumulation of some active substances. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 31(6), 1070–1078
A field experiment was conducted during the 2022–2023 agricultural season on soil with a sandy mixture texture, at the research station of the College of Agriculture, affiliated with the University of Wasit, It employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of spraying Appetizer fertilizer at three concentrations (0, 0.75 and 1.5 ml per liter of water) symbolized as (C3, C2, C1), and phosphate fertilizer at three levels (0,50, and 100 kg ha-1), symbolized as (L3, L2, L1) along with urea on the growth, yield, and accumulation of certain active substances in the volatile oil of Cuminum cyminum L. The results of the analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the fertilizer levels in the experiment. The phosphate fertilizer at the L3 level recorded the most significant increase in growth traits, yield, and the accumulation of active substances in the volatile oil. The highest plant height averaged of 26.61 cm, with the highest average number of branches reached 7.11 branches Plant-1. The maximum average number of inflorescences was 75.64 inflorescences Plant-1, while the highest average weight of 1000 fruits reached 7.47 g Plant-1. The highest individual plant yield averaged 1.66 g Plant-1. Furthermore, the most notable averages were recorded for certain characteristics of the active substances in the volatile oil. The average percentage of protein in oil was 20.04%, the average percentage of oil in seeds was 2.85%, the highest average refractive index characteristic of the oil reached 1.47 degrees, and the concentration of some active substances in the volatile oil, with the highest average recorded for the substances p-cyinene at 174.2 and terpinene at 1234.3 respectively. The Appetizer fertilizer exhibited a significant increase in plant height, number of inflorescences, weight of 1000 fruits, individual plant yield, percentage of oil protein, and the active compounds in the oil, specifically p-cyinene and terpinen, at concentration C3. The interaction of the experimental factors was significant for most of the study’s traits. Plants treated at the L3 level with the C3 concentration exhibited the highest average in plant height, number of inflorescences, individual plant weight, percentage of oil, refractive index, and active compounds in cumin oil such as a-pinene, p-cyinene, and terpinene.